Romania signed the Mine Ban Treaty on 3 December 1997, and ratified it on 30 November 2000, becoming a State Party on 1 May 2001. Romania produced and exported antipersonnel mines; production ceased in 1990 and an export moratorium entered into effect in 1995. Romania believes that existing legislation is sufficient to enforce the antipersonnel mine prohibition domestically. In 2012, Romania submitted its eighth Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 report, indicating that the information remains unchanged from previous reports.

Romania completed the destruction of its stockpile of 1,075,074 antipersonnel mines in March 2004. It initially retained 4,000 antipersonnel mines for training purposes but revised this number to 2,500 in 2004. Romania reported in its update to its transparency report that this number remained unchanged through the end of 2011.

Romania served as co-rapporteur and later co-chair of the Standing Committee on Stockpile Destruction from 2001–2003, co-rapporteur in 2011, and co-chair for the opening day of the meeting in 2012.

Romania attended the Tenth Meeting of States Parties in Geneva in November–December 2010, but did not attend the Eleventh Meeting of States Parties in Phnom Penh the following year. In May 2012, Romania attended the intersessional Standing Committee meetings in Geneva.

Romania is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons and its Amended Protocol II on landmines and Protocol V on explosive remnants of war.