Senegal
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Casualties[1] |
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All known casualties(between 1988 and 2017) |
852 mine/unexploded remnants of war (ERW) casualties: 188 killed, 651 injured, 13 unknown* |
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Casualties in 2017 |
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Annual total |
3 |
No casualties reported in 2016 |
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Survival outcome |
3 injured |
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Device type causing casualties |
3 antipersonnel mines |
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Civilian status |
3 civilians |
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Age and gender |
1 adult: 1 woman |
2 children: 2 boys |
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Casualties in 2017 – details
In 2017, the Monitor identified three mine casualties in the Republic of Senegal.[2] Two of the casualties were children.[3]
Casualty trends –overall trends, demographics, and device types
Casualties continued to occur in 2018. On 1 September 2018 one child was killed by an ERW.[4]
No new mine/explosive remnants of war (ERW) casualties were reported in Senegal in 2016.[5] In 2015, the Monitor identified two mine casualties in Senegal.[6] The 2015 total had represented a significant decrease from previous years.[7] This decrease can be explained by a general decrease in casualties among combatants. In 2011 and 2012, there was an increase in mine casualties among military or security forces, while in 2013, just two of the eight casualties were military, and in 2014, none of the casualties were combatants. Fluctuations in the security situation in the Casamance region have resulted in variable annual mine casualty rates in Senegal over the last several years.[8] Following an intensification of violence since 2011, violence decreased since 2013, explaining the decline in casualties among combatants over the period.[9]
*Total casualties, details
The Monitor identified at least 852 casualties (188 killed; 651 injured; 13 unknown) between 1988 and the end of 2017.[10] This included 595 civilian casualties and 244 military casualties.[11] As of 31 December 2017, the Senegalese National Mine Action Center (Centre national d’action antimines au Sénégal, CNAMS) registered a total of 829 casualties (187 killed; 642 injured) of which 593 were civilians and 236 were military.[12] Since 2005, all reported casualties have been caused by mines.[13]
[1] Unless otherwise indicated, casualty data for 2017 is based on: reports by the CNAMS and monitoring of the news.
[2] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Barham Thiam, Director, CNAMS, 10 August 2018; Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2017), p. 9; and “Sénégal: une mine explose en Casamance” (Senegal: a mine explodes in Casamance), RFI, 5 September 2017.
[3] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Barham Thiam, Director, CNAMS, 10 August 2018; and “Sénégal: une mine explose en Casamance” (Senegal: a mine explodes in Casamance), RFI, 5 September 2017.
[4] Monitor media monitoring from 1 Januray to 31 December 2017; and “Bignona : Un élève de 15ans tué par une mine à Karanai” (Bignona: a 15-year-old student killed by a mine in Karanai), Flash Infos, 3 September 2018.
[5] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016); and interviews with Barham Thiam, Director, Senegalese National Mine Action Center (Centre national d’action antimines au Sénégal, CNAMS), Geneva, 9 June 2017; and with Sarani Diatta, Solidarity Initiative for Development Actions (Initiative Solidaire des Actions de Développement, ISAD), Ziguinchor, 20 May 2017.
[6] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Barham Thiam, CNAMS, 14 June 2016; and Monitor media monitoring from 1 January to 31 December 2015.
[7] Fifteen casualties were identified in 2014, eight in 2013, and 24 in 2012. See previous Monitor reports on Senegal for details.
[8] There were 18 casualties recorded in 2006, one in 2007, 24 in 2008, two in 2009, four in 2010, 32 in 2011, 24 in 2012, eight in 2013, 15 in 2014, and two in 2015. See previous Monitor reports on Senegal for details.
[9] The election of a new president in 2012 and increased international pressure, especially from the United States (US), who launched a Casamance peace initiative in October 2012 and appointed a US Casamance advisor in February 2013, contributed to the intensification of peace talks between the government and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (Mouvement des forces démocratiques de Casamance, MFDC) under the mediation of the Sant’Egidio Christian community. “Gambia: U.S. Casamance Advisor Ends Visit,” All Africa (online newspaper), 19 September 2013; email from Mamady Gassama, Senegalese Association of Mine Victims (Association sénégalaise des victimes de mines, ASVM), 5 May 2014; “Casamance: Salif Sadio dit observer un ‘cessez-le-feu unilateral,’” Agence France Presse, (Sant’Egidio), 30 April 2014; and ICRC, “Annual Report 2015,” Geneva, May 2016.
[10] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2017), pp. 9-10.
[11] The civilian/military status of 13 casualties is unknown.
[12] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2017), pp. 9-10.
[13] The last confirmed casualties from ERW occurred in 2005. ICBL, Landmine Monitor Report 2005: Toward a Mine-Free World.