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Sudan
Support for Mine Action
National and international contributions to mine action in Sudan in 2010 totaled US$82,942,518, making Sudan the second largest mine action program in the world (after Afghanistan). Since 2007 the Sudan mine action program has received on average $87.25 million per year.
In 2010 the governments of north and south Sudan contributed a combined $1.2 million to mine action,[1] far less than the $5 million in 2009 and its lowest contribution since it began reporting.
In 2010, 13 donors contributed $27,021,318 for survey, clearance, risk education, and victim assistance, an increase of approximately $1.8 million from 2009.[2] Contributions from Italy, Australia, Japan, Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (UK), and the European Commission (EC) totaling approximately $7.9 million were made through the UN Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance in Mine Action administered by the UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS). While Japan was the only donor who reported funding for victim assistance to the Monitor (¥9,497,000/$108,197),[3] UNMAS reported expenditures of $371,703 for victim assistance in Sudan in 2010.[4]
The UN General Assembly appropriates annual mine action budgets for the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) operating in Southern Sudan and the African Union/UN Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID). UNAMID was the sole source of funding for mine action in Darfur. In 2010 UNAMID received $9,855,600. The assessed budget for UNMIS in Southern Sudan of $44,865,600 supported rapid response emergency surveys, explosive ordnance disposal and battle area clearance, landmine and explosive remnants of war clearance, risk education, and transport route verification and clearance.[5] The assessed budgets for the two peacekeeping operations comprised approximately 65% of the Sudan Mine Action Program in 2010, the same as in 2009.
International contributions: 2010[6]
|
Donor |
Sector |
Amount (national currency) |
Amount |
|
Netherlands |
Clearance, risk education |
€3,347,395 |
4,438,980 |
|
Japan |
Victim assistance, risk education |
¥379,004,671 |
4,317,665 |
|
US |
Clearance |
$3,600,000 |
3,600,000 |
|
Canada |
Clearance |
C$3,556,013 |
3,453,111 |
|
Norway |
Clearance |
NOK18,000,000 |
2,977,618 |
|
UK |
Clearance |
£1,077,389 |
1,664,781 |
|
Australia |
Clearance, risk education |
A$1,500,000 |
1,380,000 |
|
Germany |
Clearance |
€786,126 |
1,042,482 |
|
Sweden |
Clearance, risk education |
SEK6,500,000 |
902,114 |
|
EC |
Clearance, risk education |
€650,000 |
861,965 |
|
Denmark |
Clearance |
DKK4,680,000 |
831,763 |
|
Italy |
Clearance |
€600,000 |
795,660 |
|
Switzerland |
Clearance |
CHF787,803 |
755,179 |
|
Total |
|
|
27,021,318 |
Summary of UN General Assembly Assessed
Mine Action Budget for
Peacekeeping Operations in Sudan: 2007–2010[7]
|
UN Peacekeeping Mine Action |
2007 ($) |
2008 ($) |
2009 ($) |
2009 ($) |
Total ($) |
|
UNMIS assessed budget |
39,122,908 |
40,328,600 |
43,015,032 |
44,865,600 |
167,332,140 |
|
UNAMID assessed budget |
11,263,328 |
11,761,000 |
10,806,650 |
9,855,600 |
43,686,578 |
|
Total |
50,386,236 |
52,089,600 |
53,821,682 |
54,721,200 |
211,018,718 |
Summary of contributions: 2006–2010[8]
|
Year |
National Contributions ($) |
International contributions ($) |
UNMIS/UNAMID assessed budgets ($) |
Total contributions ($) |
|
2010 |
1,200,000 |
27,021,318 |
54,721,200 |
82,942,518 |
|
2009 |
5,000,000 |
25,250,222 |
53,821,682 |
84,071,904 |
|
2008 |
4,927,019 |
39,077,807 |
52,086,300 |
96,091,126 |
|
2007 |
6,792,139 |
29,201,406 |
50,386,236 |
86,379,781 |
|
2006 |
5,467,000 |
28,934,082 |
N/R |
34,401,082 |
|
Total |
23,386,158 |
149,484,835 |
211,015,418 |
383,886,411 |
N/R = Not reported
[1] Sudan Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form A, April 2011.
[2] Responses to Monitor questionnaire by Christine Pahlman, Mine Action Coordinator, AusAID, 11 July 2011; Lt.-Col. Klaus Koppetsch, Desk Officer Mine Action, German Federal Foreign Office, 18 April 2011; Chisa Takiguchi, Official, Conventional Arms Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan, 27 April 2011; Ingunn Vatne, Senior Advisor, Department for Human Rights, Democracy and Humanitarian Assistance, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 27 April 2011; Claudia Moser, Section for Multilateral Peace Policy, Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland, 31 May 2011; Hannah Binci, Security and Justice Team, Conflict, Humanitarian and Security Department, Department for International Development, UK, 10 August 2011; Hanne B. Elmelund Gam, Department for Security Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark, 29 March 2011; and Manfredo Capozza, Humanitarian Demining Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy, 6 April 2011. US Department of State, “To Walk the Earth in Safety 2011,” Washington, DC, July 2011; information provided by Maria Cruz Cristobal, Mine Action Desk, Security Policy Unit, Directorate-General for External Relations, EC, through David Spence, Minister Counsellor, Delegation of the European Union to the UN in Geneva, 20 June 2011; Canada Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 30 April 2011; Netherlands Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2010), Form J; email from Tessa van der Sande, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to IKV Pax Christi, 29 March 2011; and email from Julia Goehsing, Program Officer, Resource Mobilisation Unit, UNMAS, 19 April 2011.
[3] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Chisa Takiguchi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan, 27 April 2011. Average exchange rate for 2010: US$1=¥87.78. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 6 January 2011.
[4] UNMAS, “Annual Report 2010,” New York, September 2011, p.98.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Average exchange rate for 2010: US$1=C$1.0298; US$1=DKK5.6266; €1=US$1.326; US$1=¥87.78; US$1=NOK6.045; US$1=SEK7.20531; US$1=CHF1.0432; and £1=US$1.5452. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 6 January 2011.
[7] UNMAS, “Annual Report 2010,” New York, September 2011, pp. 97–98.
[8] See ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Sudan: Support for Mine Action,” www.the-monitor.org, 13 October 2010.
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