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Cambodia
Support for Mine Action
Support for Mine Action
In 2011, Cambodia was the second largest recipient of international assistance after Afghanistan. It received almost US$35.8 million for mine action from 13 donors.[1] Japan provided the largest contribution (¥1,363,803,048/US$17,111,707), which includes ¥1,100,538,247 ($13,808,510) for demining machines and related equipment.[2] The largest recipient in Cambodia was the Cambodia Mine Action Center (CMAC). Germany, Japan, and the United States (US) also provided some of their support to CMAC.
Although donors contributed to four sectors, the combined total amount for victim assistance, risk education, and advocacy was only US$1.1 million, including $453,180 reported for victim assistance out of the total international support of more than $35 million.
Cambodia reported a contribution of $2,874,000 to CMAC in 2011. It does not include the government of Cambodia’s contribution to the Cambodia Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA) or for mine clearance in support of infrastructure development.[3] These figures were unavailable.
CMAC reported expenditures of $11 million in 2011, of which approximately 40% was for personnel costs such as salaries and other employee compensation.[4]
International government contributions: 2011[5]
|
Donor |
Sector |
Amount (national currency) |
Amount ($) |
|
Japan |
Clearance |
¥1,363,803,048 |
17,111,707 |
|
US |
Clearance, victim assistance, risk education |
$5,000,000 |
5,000,000 |
|
Canada |
Clearance, victim assistance |
C$3,158,698 |
3,194,799 |
|
UK |
Clearance |
£1,942,586 |
3,116,491 |
|
Finland |
Clearance |
€1,250,000 |
1,741,375 |
|
Germany |
Clearance |
€1,000,000 |
1,393,100 |
|
New Zealand |
Clearance |
NZ$1,500,000 |
1,188,000 |
|
Norway |
Clearance |
NOK3,955,000 |
705,973 |
|
Ireland |
Clearance |
€500,000 |
696,550 |
|
Austria |
Victim assistance, risk education |
€400,000 |
557,240 |
|
Spain |
Clearance |
€400,000 |
557,240 |
|
Belgium |
Clearance |
€214,360 |
298,625 |
|
Australia |
Victim assistance, advocacy |
A$209,248 |
216,195 |
|
Total |
35,777,295 |
Thematic totals
|
Amount ($) |
|
|
Clearance |
34,649,545 |
|
Risk Education |
467,930 |
|
Victim Assistance |
453,180 |
|
Advocacy |
206,640 |
|
Total |
35,777,295 |
Summary of contributions in 2007–2011 (US$)[6]
|
Year |
National contribution |
International contribution |
Total contributions |
|
2011 |
2,874,000 |
35,777,295 |
38,651,295 |
|
2010 |
3,500,000 |
24,310,742 |
27,810,742 |
|
2009 |
3,500,000 |
33,275,769 |
36,775,769 |
|
2008 |
2,500,000 |
28,072,304 |
30,572,304 |
|
2007 |
1,550,000 |
30,797,541 |
32,347,541 |
|
Totals |
13,924,000 |
152,233,651 |
166,157,651 |
[1] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Christine Pahlman, Mine Action Coordinator, AusAID, 24 April 2012; Response to Monitor questionnaire by Wolfgang Bányai, Unit for Arms Control and Disarmament in the framework of the UN, Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, Austria, 1 March 2012; Belgium Convention on Conventional Weapons Amended Protocol II Report, Form E, 31 March 2012; Canada Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 30 April 2012; Email from Sirpa Loikkanen, Secretary, Unit for Humanitarian Assistance, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland, 20 February 2012; Response to Monitor questionnaire by Lt.-Col. Klaus Koppetsch, Desk Officer Mine Action, German Federal Foreign Office, 20 April 2012; Ireland Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form I, 30 April 2012; Japan Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 12 May 2012; New Zealand Convention on Conventional Weapons Amended Protocol II Report, Form B, 16 April 2012; Response to Monitor questionnaire by Ingunn Vatne, Senior Advisor, Department for Human Rights, Democracy and Humanitarian Assistance, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 15 March 2012; Spain Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, March 2012; Response to Monitor questionnaire by Hannah Binci, Security and Justice Team, Conflict, Humanitarian and Security Department, DfID, 9 May 2012; and US Department of State, “To Walk the Earth in Safety 2011,” Washington, DC, July 2012.
[2] Japan Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, Form J, 12 May 2012; and CMAC, “Handover Ceremony of Demining Equipment, Phase 6,” 16 February 2012.
[3] Email from Chan Rotha, Deputy Secretary General, CMAC, 23 May 2012.
[4] CMAC, “Annual Report 2011,” pp. 71-72.
[5] Exchange rates for 2011: A$1.0332 = US$1; C$0.9887 = US$1; €1 = US$1.3931; ¥79.7 = US$1; NZ$0.792 = US$1; NOK5.6022 = US$1; £1 = US$1.6043. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 3 January 2012.
[6] See previous editions of Landmine Monitor; and ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Cambodia: Support for Mine Action,” 7 September 2011.
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