Angola
Support for Mine Action
In 2010 the government of Angola contributed AOA2,675,280,062 (US$29,183,023) toward its mine action program.[1]
In 2010, national funding supported the activities of the Inter-sectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance (Comissão Nacional Intersectorial de Desminagem e Assistência Humanitária, CNIDAH) with funding for coordination (salaries), quality control, and CNIDAH provincial offices.[2] In addition, national funding supported the Executive Commission for Demining (Comissão Executiva de Desminagem, CED)—established in 2005 to fund development projects and provide financial support to the demining operations of the Angolan Armed Forces (Forças Armadas Angolanas, FAA)—the National Reconstruction Office (Gabinete de Reconstrução Nacional, GRN), and the National Demining Institute (Instituto Nacional de Desminagem, INAD). In 2010 it funded INAD, 55 demining brigades, equipment maintenance in Lubango and Huambo, new equipment, and the orthopedic center in Viana.[3]
The amount of clearance and verification for development projects achieved in 2009 and 2010, as well as the number of commercial demining companies, indicate the government of Angola has allocated significant funding through the CED for demining and the national orthopedic and rehabilitation centers. However, CNIDAH, INAD, or the CED have not reported on annual financial expenditures. Orthopedic and rehabilitation centers have not provided reports on activities and beneficiaries related to the funding levels. Many national NGOs reported in interviews and in response to questionnaires that few services are available for persons with disabilities, including landmine/explosive remnants of war survivors.
The government of Angola allocated AOA1,537,701,660 ($16,733,860) for CNIDAH and AOA1,137,578,962 ($12,409,163) for INAD in 2010, amounts similar to 2009. As of June 2011 final expenditures for each institution were not available.[4]
Government of Angola support to CNIDAH and INAD: 2009–2010[5]
|
2009 |
2010 |
||
Institution |
Amount (AOA) |
Amount ($) |
Amount (AOA) |
Amount ($) |
CNIDAH |
1,595,472,388 |
20,505,723 |
1,537,701,660 |
16,773,860 |
INAD |
1,080,093,643 |
13,881,845 |
1,137,578,962 |
12,409,163 |
Total |
2,675,566,031 |
34,387,568 |
2,675,280,062 |
29,183,023 |
Angola has been one of the largest recipients of international mine action funding. From 2006–2010 it received a total of $151 million, or more than $30 million per year.
In 2010, 10 states and the European Commission (EC) contributed $42,298,823 to mine action in Angola, led by the EC which awarded five international NGOs and one French commercial company €20 million ($26,522,000) for 2010–2012.[6] Almost all contributions were for clearance; only the Netherlands and Germany provided funding for victim assistance.
International contributions: 2010[7]
Donor |
Sector |
Amount (national currency) |
Amount ($) |
EC |
Clearance |
€20,000,000 |
26,522,000 |
United States (US) |
Clearance |
$9,850,000 |
9,850,000 |
Japan |
Clearance |
¥241,000,000 |
2,745,500 |
Finland |
Clearance |
€804,500 |
1,066,847 |
Norway |
Clearance |
NOK4,000,000 |
661,693 |
Netherlands |
Clearance, victim Assistance |
€479,000 |
635,202 |
Denmark |
Clearance |
DKK2,700,000 |
479,864 |
Italy |
Clearance |
€150,000 |
198,915 |
Germany |
Victim assistance |
€55,000 |
72,936 |
Czech Republic |
Clearance |
CZK1,000,000 |
52,447 |
France |
Clearance |
€10,119 |
13,419 |
Total |
|
|
42,298,823 |
N/R = not reported
Summary of contributions: 2006–2010[8]
Year |
National contributions |
International contributions |
Total contributions |
2010 |
29,183,023 |
42,298,823 |
71,481,846 |
2009 |
34,514,802 |
18,842,472 |
53,357,274 |
2008 |
30,085,109 |
22,136,534 |
52,221,643 |
2007 |
N/R |
19,794,794 |
19,794,794 |
2006 |
2,500,000 |
48,108,122 |
50,608,122 |
Total |
96,282,934 |
151,180,745 |
247,463,679 |
N/R = not reported
[1] Government of Angola, “Orçamento do Estado” (“State Budget”), www.minfin.gv.ao; interview with Leonardo Sapalo, Director, INAD, Luanda, 17 June 2011; and interview with Dr. Rita de Jesus, Director of the Planning Department, CNIDAH, Luanda, 13 June 2011.
[2] Interview with Dr. Rita de Jesus, CNIDAH, Luanda, 13 June 2011.
[3] Government of Angola, “Orçamento do Estado” (“State Budget”), www.minfin.gv.ao; and interview with Leonardo Sapalo, INAD, Luanda, 17 June 2011.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Government of Angola, “Orçamento do Estado” (“State Budget”), and www.minfin.gv.ao; and Ministry of Finance, “Orçamento do Ano Corrente - Exercício 2009” (“Current Year Budget – Year 2009”), www.minfin.gv.ao. Average exchange rates: 2010: US$1=AOA91.6725; and 2009: US$1=AOA77.8062. Oanda, www.oanda.com.
[6] Responses to Monitor questionnaire by Miroslav Klima, Deputy Director, UN Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Czech Republic, 2 July 2011; Hanne B. Elmelund Gam, Department for Security Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark, 29 March 2011; Lt.-Col. Klaus Koppetsch, Desk Officer Mine Action, German Federal Foreign Office, 18 April 2011; Chisa Takiguchi, Official, Conventional Arms Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan, 27 April 201; and Ingunn Vatne, Senior Advisor, Department for Human Rights, Democracy and Humanitarian Assistance, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 27 April 2011. Letter from Markku Virri, Arms Control Unit, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland, 10 March 2011. Information provided by Maria Cruz Cristobal, Mine Action Desk, Security Policy Unit, Directorate-General for External Relations, EC, through David Spence, Minister Counsellor, Delegation of the European Union to the UN in Geneva, 20 June 2011. Netherlands Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2010), Form J; and email from Tessa van der Sande, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to IKV Pax Christi, 29 March 2011. US Department of State, “To Walk the Earth in Safety 2011,” Washington, DC, July 2011.
[7] Average exchange rate for 2010: €1=US$1.3261; US$1=¥87.78; US$1=NOK6.0451; US$1=DKK5.6266; and CZK19.0670. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 6 January 2011.
[8] See previous editions of Landmine Monitor; ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Angola: Support for Mine Action,” www.the-monitor.org, 14 December 2010; and Ministry of Finance, “Orçamento do Ano Corrente - Exercício 2009” (“Current Year Budget – Year 2009”), www.minfin.gv.ao.
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