Key
developments since May 2001: The final conclusions of the Mozambique
Landmine Impact Survey were published in September 2001. Some 791 communities
affected by 1,374 suspected mined areas were identified. At the end of 2001,
the National Demining Institute produced its first Five Year National Mine
Action Plan (2002-2006). In September 2001, Mozambique destroyed its first 500
stockpiled antipersonnel mines. The remaining 37,318 mines must be destroyed
before 1 March 2003. In 2001, 60 mine incidents were reported, resulting in 80
casualties.
MINE BAN POLICY
Mozambique signed the Mine Ban Treaty on 3 December
1997, ratified on 25 August 1998 and the treaty entered into force on 1 March
1999.[1] A government task
force has begun the process of drafting legislation to enforce the Mine Ban
Treaty; it is to be completed by the end of
2002.[2] One of the stated
objectives of Mozambique’s National Mine Action Policy is to “avoid
any future use of landmines in the country through the creation of the necessary
supervision
mechanisms.”[3]
Mozambique submitted its first annual updated Article 7 transparency report
to the UN on 30 March 2001. The report covers the period from 1 March 1999 to
August 2000. It submitted another report on 30 October 2001 covering the period
1 September 1999 to 31 December 2000. Mozambique submitted its annual update
on 2 July 2002. It covers the period from January 2001 to December
2001.[4]
Mozambique attended the Third Meeting of States Parties in September 2001 in
Managua, Nicaragua, with a delegation led by its Minister of Defense, Tobias
Dai.[5] In a statement to the
plenary, Minister Dai stated that their presence in Nicaragua “testifies
[to] our strong and irreversible determination in putting an end to the use,
stockpiling, production and transfer of these deadly weapons
worldwide.”[6]
Mozambique participated in the meetings of the intersessional Standing
Committees in January and May 2002, with representatives from the capital as
well as from its Permanent Representative to the UN in Geneva. Mozambique
cosponsored and voted in favor on UN General Assembly Resolution 56/24M, in
support of the Mine Ban Treaty, on 29 November 2001.
Mozambique is not party to the 1980 Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW).
It attended, as an observer, the Second Review Conference of States Parties to
the CCW in December 2001 in Geneva.
PRODUCTION, TRANSFER, USE, STOCKPILING, AND DESTRUCTION
Mozambique has never produced or exported
antipersonnel mines.[7] In the
past, it imported antipersonnel mines from a number of
sources.[8] There is no
evidence of use of antipersonnel mines in this reporting period by any
entity.
In its first Article 7 Report, submitted in March 2000, Mozambique reported
details of its stockpile of 37,818 antipersonnel
landmines.[9] In 2001, the
Armed Forces of Mozambique drew up a plan for the destruction of all
antipersonnel mines over a three-year period (2001-2003) at a rate of
approximately one-third of the stock per
year.[10] Mozambique’s
treaty mandated deadline for completion of stockpile destruction is 1 March
2003. At the Third Meeting of States Parties in September 2001,
Mozambique’s Defense Minister said destruction would be concluded
“up to the end of the year
2003.”[11]
Mozambique’s Ambassador to the UN stated in October 2001, “Our
commitment is to conclude by 2003 the destruction of all stockpiled
mines.”[12]
On 19 September 2001, Mozambique’s Boquisso Army Engineering College
destroyed the first 500 stockpiled mines, which included: PMN-2, PMN, PMD-6,
OZM-72, OZM-4, POMZ and POMZ-2
mines.[13] The symbolic
destruction took place in Moamba, Maputo province, in a public
ceremony.[14] Apparently no
other destruction had taken place as of July 2002, indicating that Mozambique is
far behind its initial destruction schedule. It still has 37,318 antipersonnel
mines to destroy before 1 March 2003.
All three of Mozambique’s Article 7 reports have indicated that it has
not retained any antipersonnel mines for training or development purposes.
LANDMINE PROBLEM, SURVEY, AND ASSESSMENT
Mozambique is considered one of the African
countries most affected by mines. Most of the mines were planted during a
two-decade-long civil war that ended in 1992. In August 2001, the National
Demining Institute (IND) published the final results of the country’s
first comprehensive Landmine Impact Survey. Carried out by the Canadian
International Demining Corps, the survey aimed to “collect, record and
analyze information on the location of known or suspected mines areas throughout
the country, and to provide an overview of their social and economic
impacts.”[15] The Survey
Action Center (SAC) and the UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS) provided a Quality
Assurance Monitor.[16]
The survey indicates that virtually every part of Mozambique experiences
negative social and economic consequences from landmines and unexploded ordnance
(UXO). It is estimated that approximately 1.5 million people are directly
impacted by landmines and UXO. Landmines affect 123 of the 128 districts and all
ten provinces. Some 791 communities affected by 1,374 “Suspected Mined
Areas” (SMA) were identified. Suspected Mined Areas make up some 562
square kilometers. Landmine incidents continue to occur, with 172 new victims
being recorded for the two years preceding the
study.[17]
While the survey was not the first to have been conducted in Mozambique, it
was an important achievement in humanitarian mine action in the country and
represents a significant step in an ongoing process to collect and interpret
data to assist in setting national priorities for mine action – priorities
that are responsive to the socio-economic impact of mines. The survey’s
significance has been described as two-fold: “Firstly, it is the first
time that an impact survey has been conducted on a standardized national basis
beyond emergency demining and including all ten provinces of Mozambique.
Secondly, it strengthens the capacity of the National Demining Institute of
Mozambique (IND) to integrate humanitarian mine action within the framework of
the government’s national
priorities.”[18]
Thirteen donors reported to Landmine Monitor a
total of about US$15.1 million in mine action contributions to Mozambique in
2001: Australia, $0.77 million; Canada $1.07 million; Denmark $1.8 million;
Finland $1.06 million; France $0.68 million; Germany $1.3 million; Ireland
$0.53; Japan $0.93 million; Netherlands $1.2 million; Norway $1.67 million;
Sweden $1 million; Switzerland $0.95 million; United States $2.2
million.[20]
However, it is unlikely that is a complete picture of mine action funding for
Mozambique. The National Demining Institute indicates that other donors for
2001 included Austria, the European Union and the UN Mine Action
Service.[21] One demining
organization, HALO Trust, reports funding from the United Kingdom.
By comparison, Landmine Monitor estimated that mine action funding in 2000
totaled about $17.1
million.[22]
The United States has been the largest donor to Mozambique, providing nearly
$28 million since 1993. In 2001, the U.S. funded demining operations on the
Sena rail line and training for National Demining Institute
staff.[23] For its fiscal year
2002, the United States allocated $2.11 million for mine action in
Mozambique.[24]
MINE ACTION COORDINATION
The National Demining Institute (IND) is a
semi-autonomous governmental institute, reporting directly to the Minister of
Foreign Affairs. It is directed to “successfully establish and develop a
coordination, supervision and management mechanism, in close cooperation with
all other relevant organisations and agencies, to ensure the cost-effective
execution of a national mine action
plan."[25] At the end of 2001,
the IND produced its first Five Year National Mine Action Plan
(2002-2006).[26]
This, together with the Landmine Impact Survey, the introduction of the
Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) database, and UN
Development Program's Capacity Building Project housed at the IND, has
significantly improved the overall management of mine action in the country. An
Inter-Ministerial Standing Committee chaired by the Director of IND has also
been created.
The National Mine Action Plan outlines the mission for Mozambique: to be Mine
Impact Free within ten years. According to the plan, “Impact Free”
means “the elimination of impediments to fundamental socio-economic
activity and significant reduction in the risk of encountering landmines.”
To reach this goal, at the end of the first five years, the accomplishments
should include the following:
All High and Medium Impact Sites Cleared;
All UXO Destroyed;
All Existing Stockpiles Destroyed;
Remaining Low Impact Areas Surveyed and Marked;
Fully operational National Mine Risk Education/Marking Program; and
Long-term Survivor and Victim Assistance Programs
Established.[27]
The IND has based the 2002-2006 Mine Action Plan and its priorities on the
information and findings of the Landmine Impact
Survey.[28]
On 30
August 2001, the Second National Meeting of Demining Operators deployed in
Mozambique was convened in Nampula by the IND. The agenda included a briefing by
IND on Mine Action in Mozambique; progress reports by demining operators; a
briefing on the CIDC Survey; a reflection on the future of mine action in
Mozambique; and, the need for a National Mine Action
Fund.[29]
MINE ACTION
There are conflicting
official numbers from Mozambique regarding the total amount of land cleared in
2001. According to figures in one table in a National Demining Institute report
for the period 1997-2001, a total of 12.41 million square meters was cleared in
2001.[30] According to other,
more detailed IND charts, showing clearance activities for 2001 by province,
town, and operator, a total of 7.86 million square meters of land was cleared in
2001.[31]
From the information available to Landmine Monitor, as reported below, it
appears that approximately 8.88 million square meters of land were cleared in
Mozambique in 2001. However, more than half of this total, and the IND total of
7.86 million square meters, is accounted for by one operator, Afrovita, which
reported clearance of 4,559,501 square meters in
2001.[32] This number is
strikingly high and could not be confirmed.
In compiling the numbers, Landmine Monitor found that at least one operator,
HALO Trust, was not included in the IND total of 7.86 million square meters.
IND explained that it does not enter data until the clearance task is
complete.[33] In another
instance, the amount of land cleared by an operator, Norwegian People’s
Aid, was listed as nearly 700,000 square meters less than that reported directly
to Landmine Monitor by NPA.
There are similar discrepancies with regard to numbers of mine cleared.
Mozambique’s Article 7 Report, submitted in July 2002, reports a total of
5,521 antipersonnel mines destroyed in cleared
areas.[34] IND, however, has
given a figure of 2,282 antipersonnel mines
destroyed.[35]
There are a number of major humanitarian mine clearance organizations in
Mozambique, including Accelerated Demining Program (ADP), Norwegian
People’s Aid (NPA), HALO Trust, and Handicap International (HI), as well
as a number of other humanitarian and commercial mine clearance agencies. In
addition to the government’s National Demining Institute and the
Mozambican Armed Forces, there are approximately 15 private firms accredited to
work in Mozambique, including 11 local and 4 international
businesses.[36]
Afrovita. Afrovita conducts commercial mine clearance using manual
clearance methods. It operates in Maputo, Sofala, and Zambezia provinces, with
quality assurance provided by Qualitas.
Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA). NPA has a staff of approximately
570 in Mozambique, six fully operational mine detection dogs and 25 additional
dogs under training. The national authorities in Mozambique are involved in the
NPA mine action program as partner organizations in priority setting activities,
needs assessment, and the implementation of demining activities. NPA is in the
process of introducing its “Task Impact Assessment” tool on both
ongoing and planned clearance tasks, which is used to prioritize areas for
clearance based on civilian needs and organizational capacities. NPA has made
plans to include a mechanical mine clearance component to its programs, to be
deployed in suspected mined areas to determine the presence and accurate
location of mines. In addition to mine action, the program also conducts small
scale, rural community service, focused on primary heath care, in areas where
demining teams are working. Furthermore, a crosscutting issue HIV/AIDS awareness
campaign is held in areas of
operations.[37] In 2001, NPA
cleared a total of 1,726,760 square meters of land, with a total budget of
US$3.53 million. Donors were the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
(NORAD), the Swedish Agency for Development Cooperation (SIDA), the Danish
International Development Agency (DANIDA), and the
Netherlands.[38]
Accelerated Demining Program (ADP) / Programa Acelerado de Desminagem
(PAD). ADP conducts humanitarian mine clearance in the south of the country
in Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces. In 2002, the ADP is evolving from a
UN-operated program to an independent, national NGO as required by the
government of Mozambique. In 2001, ADP cleared of a total of 1,745,542 square
meters.[39]
HALO Trust. The HALO Trust conducts manual and mechanical humanitarian
mine clearance in the north of the country in Niassa, Cabo Delgado, Nampula, and
Zambezia provinces, supported by four governmental donors (UK in Zambezia,
Ireland in Niassa, Switzerland in Cabo Delgado and Netherlands in Nampula). The
Tokyo Broadcasting System funds operations across the four provinces. HALO
currently has 12 manual teams working on minefields prioritized for clearance by
a process involving the operator, the local provincial and district authorities
and the regional IND presence. The manual teams range in size from 10-20
persons. HALO has also established a mine-detection dog (MDD) training school in
Mozambique and currently has 10 dogs undergoing training, three of which were
operational in July 2002. Handlers are Mozambicans, as well as staff from other
HALO programs who will, in the future, deploy back to these countries. In 2001,
HALO cleared a total of 320,459 square meters, destroying 1,166 landmines and
392 items of UXO. In 2002, as of the end of June, HALO Teams had cleared a total
of 289,064 square meters of ground, destroying 3,104 mines and 457 items of UXO.
HALO Mozambique staffing levels in 2002 stand at 425 persons with two
supervisory expatriates.[40]
Empresa Moçambicana de Desminagem, Lda. (EMD) was engaged in
clearance operations in the Inhambane province. It cleared a total of 298,460
square meters in 2001.[41]
Menschen gegen Minen (MgM). In 2000, MgM started a mine clearance
operation in Mozambique using manual and mechanical methods with the assistance
of explosive detecting dogs. They are presently working to clear a railroad from
Mabalane to Monte Alto in the Gaza province. While the IND reports that MgM
cleared 51,858 square meters of land in
2001,[42] MgM itself reports
169,262 square meters
cleared.[43] MgM’s 2001
budget was $804,375. Its current mine action capacity includes 70 staff (43
deminers) and four mine detection
dogs.[44]
Handicap International (HI). HI conducts “proximity
demining” in Inhambane province using manual clearance methods and
explosive detection dogs as part of the Inhambane Mine Clearance Project. HI
employs 110 persons and has two dog teams. HI cleared a total of 20,914 square
meters in 2001.[45]
In 2001, Mechem cleared 55,436 square meters; Mozambique Mine
Action cleared 53,920 square meters; Ronco cleared 44,925 square
meters.[46] Other agencies that
also are or have been engaged in mine action in Mozambique include ArmorGroup,
Minetech, Desminagem de Sofala (Dessof), Special Clearance Service (SCS), Carlos
Gassmann Tecnologias de Vanguarda Aplicadas Lda (CGTVA), Lince Lda and
Necochaminas.[47]
The Forcas Armadas da Defesa de Mozambique (FADM). Recognizing that
Mozambique needs a long term demining capacity, the United States has been
providing training and equipment to the 1st Battalion of the Mozambican
infantry.
Because of the competence of Mozambican mine clearance operators, a Quick
Reaction Demining Force (QRDF) has been established in Mozambique with a
global scope.[48] Training
started in May 2001 for four mine clearance teams with ten persons in each,
including medics and dog handlers, and the QRDF was launched in August 2001.
The QRDF is to receive tasks from the IND and deploy within ten days to anywhere
in the world that the US Department of State, in coordination with UNMAS,
directs them. Since the establishment of QRDF, Mozambican demining teams have
been dispatched to Sri Lanka, Sudan, and
Nigeria.[49] In November 2001,
the U.S. government said, “The QRDF would be deployed to demining
situations as directed by the United States Government, which will also oversee
the recruitment, provision of equipment, training and supervision of QRDF
personnel, both within and outside the Republic of Mozambique. When QDRF units
are not deployed by the United States elsewhere, they will perform demining
missions within Mozambique, as requested by the GRM [Mozambique
government]”[50]
Mozambican deminers from ADP are also involved in a UNDP-funded Mine Action
Exchange (MAX) project as trainers. The MAX program seeks to maximize regional
competence in humanitarian technical demining standards within the
Portuguese-speaking countries. In May 2002, two Mozambican trainers began
training deminers for a new Guinea-Bissau mine clearance NGO,
LUTCAM.[51]
In June 2002, the US Department of State’s Office of Humanitarian
Demining funded the “Mine Action Managers Middle Management
Training” program in Mozambique. Some 35 African middle-level mine action
mangers have been trained since the program started in June
2001.[52]
Other Weapon Destruction Initiatives
Between 1995 and September 2001, a number of mines,
both antipersonnel and antivehicle, have been destroyed under a bilateral
cooperation agreement on arms destruction between the South African Police
Service and the Police of the Republic of Mozambique, called Operations Rachel.
The aim of Operations Rachel is to destroy arms caches left in Mozambique
following the country's civil war. Between May and September 2001, 48
antipersonnel mines were destroyed through this
process.[53] In a three-week
operation in May 2002, an additional 39 antipersonnel mines and four antivehicle
mines were recovered and
destroyed.[54]
In 1995, the Christian Council of Mozambique established a project to
transform “arms into ploughshares” through the collection and
exchange of weapons for developmental tools. Between October 1995 and March
2002, among the over 230,000 different pieces of weaponry collected, have been
136 antipersonnel mines and eight antivehicle
mines.[55]
MINE RISK EDUCATION
Handicap International has been participating in
the creation of a national capacity for mine risk education (MRE) coordination
since 1995.[56] In 1999, HI
formally ended its field activities and handed over the tasks of coordination to
the IND. The introduction of MRE into the national curriculum of education at
the national level has been virtually completed, as well as the strengthening of
technical competencies of local partners such as the Mozambican Red
Cross.[57] HI is finalizing
tools to accompany the transfer of
capacities.[58]
Because of flood emergencies (February 2000 and March 2001), HI also
developed intensive campaigns aimed at the population of the central region
districts, which were affected by the
floods.[59] More than 80,000
people of the Limpopo and Save valleys have benefited from targeted mine risk
education activities and 100 agents were trained to work with
communities.[60] At the end of
2001, IND had assumed the overall responsibility for the network and program
established by HI.
LANDMINE CASUALTIES
In 2001, 60 mine incidents were reported resulting
in 80 new casualties, of which 60 were men and 20 were
women.[61] It was not reported
how many of these casualties were killed or injured. The reported casualties in
2001 represent a large increase from the 29 new casualties reported in 2000, of
which eight were killed and 21
injured.[62] However, it should
be noted that the casualty statistics for 2000 are believed to be understated as
those working in the field know the number were much
higher.[63] On 16 July 2001, a
deminer and four mine detecting dogs were killed, and seven others injured, when
a vehicle carrying seven NPA deminers and a driver hit an antivehicle mine in
Manica province.[64] In the
first six months of 2002, another two deminers were
killed.[65]
Data collection for the Mozambique Landmine Impact Survey was completed in
May 2001. The Survey identified 172 “recent” landmine casualties,
of which 53 were killed. In total, 2,145 casualties were recorded. However, the
report acknowledged that this figure is probably understated as 31 communities
reported “many” casualties, but did not estimate an actual number.
The activity at the time of the majority (71 percent) of recent incidents
included being involved in economic activities, such as collecting food/water,
farming, herding, or household work, while incidents during travel (seven
percent) and tampering (one percent) were
rare.[66]
SURVIVOR ASSISTANCE
The responsibility for landmine survivor assistance
in Mozambique is shared between the Ministry of Health (MINSAU) and the Ministry
for Women and the Coordination of Social Action (MMCAS). According to Landmine
Survivors Network (LSN), facilities for evacuation, transportation, emergency
and hospital treatment, and rehabilitation are inadequate to meet the needs in
Mozambique. Because of a lack of transport many facilities are inaccessible to
landmine survivors. The health infrastructure was severely damaged during
almost thirty years of armed conflict. The floods of 2000 also damaged four
hospitals, and 48 other health centers. Mozambique is dependent on
international funding to support its health care infrastructure. Programs for
the disabled are being developed in the eleven provinces of
Mozambique.[67] The
Institutional Support Program, established by Handicap International in 1997,
assists landmine survivors and includes transport, medical care, rehabilitation,
and cooperation between agencies in the provision of socio-economic
reintegration.[68]
In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) initiated a training program for
trainers in pre-hospital care for trauma victims, including landmine casualties.
By the end of 2001, twenty trainers, including twelve doctors and eight medical
technicians, had participated in the program at a national level and will now
initiate pre-hospital trauma care training programs throughout
Mozambique.[69]
Mozambique has a national rehabilitation policy for persons with
disabilities. There are eleven orthopedic workshops, run in cooperation by the
Ministry of Health and international and local NGOs. In addition, there are
rehabilitation centers and physiotherapy centers, some of which are managed by
the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Section of the Ministry of Health.
In 2001, Handicap Internationalsupportedsix orthopedic center
in the cities of Vilanculos, Inhambane, Lichinga, Tete, Pemba, and Nampula,
which are now fully integrated into the Ministry of Health. The HI program also
provided training to local staff. HI works with the MMCAS and the Forum of
Mozambican Associations of Disabled Persons to improve the access of disabled
persons to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation services, and to promote the
rights of disabled
persons.[70]
POWER, a UK-based NGO, supported the Ministry of Health prosthetic and
orthotic services until the end of May 2002. The program focused on the quality
of production and logistics. In 2001, 608 patients were assisted, 575
prostheses produced and 248 fitted, and 125 wheelchairs and 1,663 crutches
distributed. The program assisted all persons with disabilities, and was funded
by USAID and UNICEF.[71] In
2002, POWER changed its emphasis from prosthetics and orthotics to assisting the
disabled in Mozambique to participate fully in civil society by empowering
disability organizations to build capacity and services for their members,
working closely with the Association of Disabled Mozambicans
(ADEMO).[72]
The Jaipur Limb Campaign, in partnership with the Mozambique Red Cross
Society, opened the Jaipur Orthopedic Center in February 2000 in Gaza province,
Manjacaze district. It is the first rehabilitation center to be wholly run by a
Mozambican NGO, the Mozambique Red Cross Society (MRCS), and is located in a
rural district to facilitate and improve rural people’s access to
services. The center provides mobility appliances, vocational training,
disability awareness and social support programs. From January 2001 to March
2002, the center assisted 343 people, of which about 80 percent were landmine
survivors. Funding for the center in 2001/2002 was provided by the UK-based
Comic Relief, the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund, Khalatbari Foundation,
and private donors.[73]
The Landmine Survivors Network (LSN) has been active in Mozambique since
1999. The LSN program engages community-based outreach workers, who are also
amputees, to work with individual survivors to assess their needs, offering
psychological and social support, and educating families about the effects of
limb loss. LSN assists survivors in accessing services that provide mobility
devices, health services, or vocational training. If no such services exist,
LSN intervenes to ensure the needs of survivors are met, which in some cases can
include direct assistance including covering the cost of prostheses, house
repairs or emergency food aid. The recipient is required to provide a community
service in return for the aid. In 2001, LSN assisted 114 landmine survivors.
LSN works alongside local associations, including ADEMO and the Association of
Military Disabled (ADEMIMO), to increase awareness about disability
rights.[74] LSN headquarters
are in Quelimane and it is currently working in the areas of Quelimane, Ile,
Maganja da Costa, and Nicoadala.
The World Rehabilitation Fund (WRF), in partnership with UNDP, is developing
a number of projects including: a rural economic development project for a
community with a high percentage of landmine survivors; supporting POWER and
ADEMO with two vocational training programs in metal work and baking; providing
technical consultation to IND in the development of policies for survivor
assistance; and providing technical assistance to Beira Hospital to improve
services to landmine
survivors.[75]
Mozambique reports that “the mine victim’s support system faces
great difficulties due to problems of getting financial resources to implement
projects ...also difficulties... for establishing specific professional training
for disabled people.... The orthopaedic centres existing in the country are not
enough to assist the growing needs of the disabled
people.”[76]
DISABILITY POLICY AND PRACTICE
Legislation to support the rights of the disabled
remains unchanged.[77] In 1999,
the Cabinet approved the first national policy on persons with disabilities that
included principles and strategies to encourage the active participation of
disabled people in the country's socio-economic development. However, the plan
had not been fully implemented due to funding
constraints.[78]
Following a Mine Victim Assistance Workshop, sponsored by WRF, on 11 November
2001, the IND has developed a draft policy for Survivor and Victim Assistance
that attempts to define the role and responsibilities of IND concerning mine
survivor assistance.[79] The
policy includes plans to “develop appropriate strategies and methodologies
for providing long-term assistance” for landmine
survivors.[80]
[1] A resolution approved by the Council of
Ministers formally recognized the Mine Ban Treaty on 10 June 1999: Decree
37/99, as published in Boletim da Republica, No. 29, 10 June
1999. [2] Information provided to
Landmine Monitor by the National Demining Institute, 6 July 2002.
[3] Article 7 Report, submitted 30
March 2000, for the period 1 March 1999 to 31 August
1999. [4] All reports were submitted
late. Annual updated reports are due on 30 April each
year. [5] The Mozambican delegation
included Mr. Artur Verissimo, Director, National Demining Institute, Mr.
Fernando Chomar, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation as well as a Senior
Advisor to the National Demining
Institute. [6] Statement by Mr. Tobias
Dai, Mozambican Minister of Defense, to the Third Meeting of State Parties,
Managua, Nicaragua, September 2001. [7]
Mozambique reports, therefore, that there are no production facilities to be
converted or de-commissioned. Article 7 Report, Form E, 30 March
2000. [8] For details, see Landmine
Monitor Report 1999, p. 45. [9] Article
7 Report, Form B, 30 March 2000; Landmine Monitor Report 2001, p.
109. [10] Article 7 Report, Form F, 30
October 2001. For a detailed plan for the destruction of stockpiled mines see,
National Demining Institute/Ministry of Defense “Grafico de Stocks de
minas a ser destruidas no periodo
2001-2003.” [11] Statement by Mr.
Tobias Dai, Mozambican Minister of Defense, to the Third Meeting of State
Parties, Managua, Nicaragua, September 2001, p.
4. [12] Statement by Carlos dos Santos,
Ambassador to the United Nations, General Debate of the First Committee, UN
General Assembly, New York, 15 October
2001. [13] Article 7 Report, Form G, 2
July 2002. [14] Government
representatives, foreign dignitaries and other accredited diplomats witnessed
the destruction. These included: Maputo governor, Hon. E. Alfredo Namitete; UNDP
representative, Emmanuel de Casterle; Ambassador Pedro Comissario, Director at
the Mozambican Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation, and Mr. Felisberto
Nuvunga, National Demining Institute's Deputy
Director. [15] Canadian International
Demining Corps and Paul F. Wilkinson & Associates Inc, “Landmine
Impact Survey,” August 2001; Landmine Monitor 2001, pp.
109-112. [16] Preliminary results of the
Landmine Impact Survey were available in June 2001 and reported on in Landmine
Monitor Report 2001, pp. 110-112. [17]
Canadian International Demining Corps and Paul F. Wilkinson & Associates
Inc, “Landmine Impact Survey,” August 2001; email from CIDC to
Landmine Monitor Coordinator, 22 July
2002. [18] Neuma Grobbelaar,
“Impact Survey in Mozambique: an Essential Development Tool,”
Demining Debate, Issue VIII, October
2001. [19] Article 7 Report, Form C, 2
July 2002. [20] See individual Landmine
Monitor country reports. See also UN Mine Action Investments database at:
http://webapps.dfait-maeci.gc.ca. [21]
Email from National Demining Institute, 6 July
2002. [22] Landmine Monitor Report 2001,
pp. 112-113. [23] US Department of
State, “To Walk the Earth in Safety: The United States Commitment to
Humanitarian Demining,” November 2001, p.
9. [24] US Department of State, Fact
Sheet, “The US Humanitarian Demining Program and NADR Funding,” 5
April 2002. [25] National Demining
Institute, “Strategy for the Development of an Integrated Mine Action
Coordination Capacity in Mozambique," p.
2. [26] National Demining Institute,
“The Five Year National Mine Action Plan 2002-2006,”19 November
2001. [27] Ibid., p.
7. [28] Ibid., p.
6. [29] Report of the Second National
Meeting with Demining Operators, 30-31 August 2001, at
www.ind.gov.mz/en/nampula.htm. [30]
National Demining Institute, “Demining Activities in Mozambique from 1997
to 2001,” Maputo, 30 January 2002, Table II, p.
6. [31] Information provided to Landmine
Monitor by the National Demining Institute, from the IMSMA database, received by
email on 9 July 2002. Landmine Monitor is not reproducing this detailed
information in this report due to space limitations, but it is available upon
request. See also the IND website at
www.ind.gov.mz. [32] In response to
Landmine Monitor inquiries, IND said it had adjusted Afrovita’s figure to
3,359,401 square meters, but also indicated that it did not have confidence in
the numbers provided by Afrovita. Email and telephone communications with IND,
15-16 July 2002. [33] Telephone
communication with IND, 16 July 2002.
[34] Article 7 Report, Form G, 2 July
2002. [35] Information provided to
Landmine Monitor by the National Demining Institute, from the IMSMA database,
received by email on 9 July 2002. [36]
Artur Verissimo, Speech delivered to the intersessional Standing Committee
meeting, Geneva, 29 May 2002. [37]
Norwegian People's Aid Humanitarian Mine Action Portfolio
2002. [38] Answers to Mine Action
Questionnaire, provided by Steinar Essen, NPA Technical Advisor, Southern
Africa, Oslo, 22 May 2002; email from Janecke Wille, NPA, Oslo, 15 July 2002.
IND reported the area cleared by NPA as 1,054,654 square meters. Information
provided to Landmine Monitor by the National Demining Institute, from the IMSMA
database, received by email on 9 July
2002. [39] Information provided to
Landmine Monitor by the National Demining Institute, from the IMSMA database,
received by email on 9 July 2002. [40]
E-mail from Andrew Fimister, Country Manager, The HALO Trust - Mozambique, 9
July 2002. [41] Information provided to
Landmine Monitor by the National Demining Institute, from the IMSMA database,
received by email on 9 July 2002. [42]
Ibid. [43] Email from Hans Georg
Kruessen, Chairman, MgM, Maputo, 15 July
2002. [44]
Ibid. [45] Information provided to
Landmine Monitor by the National Demining Institute, from the IMSMA database,
received by email on 9 July 2002. [46]
Ibid. [47] For more details on these
organizations see, Landmine Monitor 2001, pp.
115-117. [48] Charles Cobb Jr.,
“Mozambique Leads the World - in Clearing Land Mines,”
allAfrica.com, 27 May 2002, at:
http://allafrica.com/stories/200205270904.html. [49]
Ibid. [50] US Department of State,
“To Walk the Earth in Safety: The United States Commitment to Humanitarian
Demining,” November 2001, p.
A-47. [51] “Support to the
Guinea-Bissau National Humanitarian Mine Action Program,” UNDP, November
2001. [52] US Department of State, Media
Note, “Lusophone African Humanitarian Deminers Management Training
Course,” 11 June 2002. [53] E.
Hennop, “Operation Rachel, 1995-2001,” Institute for Security
Studies (ISS) Paper 54, November
2001. [54] Statistics of Operation
Rachel VIII (1), Special Task Force, South African Police Service, 11 June
2002. [55] Christian Council of
Mozambique (Justice, Peace and Reconciliation Section), “Project Weapons
Collection Report, October 1995-March
2002.” [56] Email from Erik
Lamontagne, Handicap International, 23 July 2001; see also, Handicap
International, “Tools for MRE in Mozambique and in the East of Ethiopia,
Capitalisation,” 2002. [57] E-mail
from Karine Gavand, Handicap International, Paris, 8 July
2002. [58] See Landmine Monitor Report
2001, pp. 117-118, for details. [59]
E-mail from Karine Gavand, Handicap International, Paris, 8 July
2002. [60] Article 7 Report, Form I, 2
July 2002. [61]
Ibid. [62] IMSMA database, Victim
Statistics, National Demining Institute, 31 January
2001. [63] World Rehabilitation Fund,
“Mine Victim Assistance Support Visit: Mozambique Country Visit,”
November 2001, p. 4. [64] Norwegian
People’s Aid Press Release, “Serious AT mine accident in
Mozambique,” 26 July 2001. [65]
IMSMA database, Victim Statistics, National Demining Institute, 8 July
2002. [66] Landmine Monitor Report 2001,
pp. 118-119; see also Mozambique Landmine Impact Survey, accessed at
http://www.sac-na.org/surveys_mozambique_executive_summary.html (17 July
2002). [67] For more details see
Landmine Survivors Rehabilitation Database, accessed at
www.lsndatabase.org. [68] Article 7
Report, Form J, 2 July 2002. [69]
Portfolio of Landmine Victim Assistance Programs, accessed at
www.landminevap.org. [70] Handicap
International Review of Activities 2001, pp.
18-19. [71] Sarah Hodge, Chief
Executive, POWER, response to Landmine Monitor Survivor Assistance
Questionnaire, 17 July 2002. [72]
Ibid., 12 July 2002. [73] Isabel
Silva, Projects Officer, Jaipur Limb Campaign, response to Landmine Monitor
Survivor Assistance Questionnaire, 11 July
2002. [74] Nando, Executive Assistant,
Landmine Survivors Network Mozambique, response to Landmine Monitor Survivor
Assistance Questionnaire, 12 March 2002.
[75] Mozambique, Our World, Volume 3,
Issue 1, Fall 2001, p. 5; see also Portfolio of Landmine Victim Assistance
Programs, accessed at
www.landminevap.org. [76] Article 7
Report, Form J, 2 July 2002. [77] See
Landmine Monitor Report 2001, p. 120; see also Landmine Monitor Report 2000, p.
80. [78] US Department of State,
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001: Mozambique, March
2002. [79] World Rehabilitaiton Fund,
“Mine Victim Assistance Support Visit: Executive Summary –
Mozambique Country Visit,” World Rehabilitation Fund and UNDP, November
2001. [80] National Demining Institute,
“The Five-Year National Mine Action Plan: 2002-2006,” 19 November
2001, p. 21.