Yemen
Support for Mine Action
In 2022, nine donors contributed a total of US$64.4 million to support mine action activities in Yemen, representing more than a six-fold increase from the $8.4 million contributed in 2021.[1] This increase was in large part due to the reporting by Saudi Arabia of its financial contribution to Yemen of $33.3 million; but even without this, Yemen still received another $31.1 million from other donors (an increase of $22.7 million on the 2021 total).
The funds from Saudi Arabia went to the Masam Project, run by the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center, for mine clearance activities by Dynasafe International.[2]
International contributions: 2022[3]
|
Donor |
Sector |
Amount (national currency) |
Amount (US$) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
Clearance |
N/R |
33,292,000 |
|
Germany |
Capacity-building, clearance, risk education |
€13,532,000 |
14,254,609 |
|
European Union |
Clearance, risk education, victim assistance |
€8,000,000 |
8,427,200 |
|
Netherlands |
Clearance, risk education, victim assistance, advocacy |
€3,593,285 |
3,785,166 |
|
United States |
Clearance, risk education, victim assistance |
US$2,000,000 |
2,000,000 |
|
Norway |
Clearance, risk education, victim assistance |
NOK12,390,277 |
1,288,801 |
|
Switzerland |
Risk education, victim assistance |
CHF672,134 |
703,805 |
|
France |
Risk education |
€500,000 |
526,700 |
|
United Kingdom |
Clearance |
£77,000 |
95,257 |
|
Total |
- |
N/A |
64,373,538 |
Note: N/R=not reported; N/A=not applicable.
Yemen reported a significant decrease in the annual state commitment of $3million to its mine action program, with the ongoing armed conflict placing a strain on finances. Yemen did not specify the amount provided in 2022. Yemen Executive Mine Action Center (YEMAC) staff were reported to have been paid intermittently, and had no insurance or pension plan.[4]
Five-year support for mine action
In the five-year period from 2018–2022, international assistance to mine action in Yemen totaled approximately $118 million, fluctuating from an annual low of $9.3 million in 2018 to a high of $64.4 million in 2022.
Summary of international contributions: 2018–2022[5]
|
Year |
International contributions (US$) |
% change from previous year |
|
2022 |
64,373,538 |
+666 |
|
2021 |
8,400,000 |
-58 |
|
2020 |
19,800,000 |
+23 |
|
2019 |
16,096,757 |
+74 |
|
2018 |
9,258,575 |
-22 |
|
Total |
117,928,870 |
N/A |
Note: N/A=not applicable.
[1] European Union: response to Monitor questionnaire by Michal Adamowicz, Policy Officer, Non-Proliferation and Arms Export Control, European External Action Service (EEAS), 28 September 2023. France: response to Monitor questionnaire by the Yves Marek, Ambassador for Mine Clearance, France Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, 21 September 2023. Germany: Germany Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), Form I; and Germany Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), Form J. Netherlands: Netherlands Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), Form I; and Netherlands Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), Form I. Norway: Norway Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), Form J. Saudi Arabia: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), “Financial Tracking Service: Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of), Government of 2022,” undated. Switzerland: Switzerland Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), pp. 2–3. United Kingdom: UK Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), Form I. United States: US Department of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (PM/WRA), “To Walk the Earth in Safety: 1 October 2021–30 September 2022,” 4 April 2023. For Article 7 reports, see Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Database and Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Database.
[2] UNOCHA, “Financial Tracking Service: Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of), Government of 2022,” undated.
[3] Average exchange rates for 2022: €1=US$1.0534; £1=US$1.2371; NOK9.6138=US$1; CHF1=US$0.9550. United States (US) Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 9 January 2023.
[4] Yemen Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2022), Form H; and Yemen Mine Ban Treaty Fourth Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), 11 August 2022.
[5] See previous Support for Mine Action country profiles. ICBL-CMC, “Country Profiles: Yemen,” undated; ICBL, Landmine Monitor 2022 (ICBL-CMC: Geneva, November 2022); and ICBL, Landmine Monitor 2021 (ICBL-CMC: Geneva, November 2021).